HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is a virus that causes cervical cancer and genital warts. It is the most commonly sexually transmitted virus, affecting 50% of sexually active individuals at least once in their lifetime.
How is HPV Transmitted?
HPV, which primarily affects the mouth, throat, and genital areas, is transmitted through sexual contact. Occasionally, it can also be transmitted through non-penetrative genital contact (anal, vaginal, and oral sex) and by sharing items such as towels and underwear that have come into contact with the genital area.
What Does HPV Cause?
Most people with HPV do not show any symptoms. While 90% of HPV infections are cleared by the body within two years, certain types of HPV can lead to significant health problems, including:
- Genital warts
- Cervical cancer
- Anal cancer
- Certain penile cancers
- Vulvar and vaginal cancer
How is HPV Diagnosed?
Sexually active women should regularly undergo Pap smears and HPV tests. This screening, known as the HPV-Pap Smear, involves taking a swab from the cervix for pathological examination; there is no blood test for HPV. The primary goal of screening is to detect cervical cancer early. The Ministry of Health recommends that sexually active women aged 30-65 be screened once every five years.
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Specialist Op.Dr.Merve Olgun
How Can We Protect Ourselves from HPV?
Although it is not possible to completely prevent HPV infection, the following measures can reduce the risk:
- Using condoms during sexual intercourse. However, condoms do not cover the entire genital area and thus do not provide complete protection.
- Getting the HPV vaccine, which offers high protection against cervical cancer and genital warts. It is important to note that the vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV.
Stay healthy.
