Dr. Merve Olgun Clinic

Freya Women’s Health Specialized Healthcare Services is a healthcare institution that provides professional services in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as sexual therapy. Dr. Merve Olgun offers services including sexual therapy, treatment of sexual dysfunction, genital aesthetics, pregnancy monitoring, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, painful menstruation, normal or cesarean delivery, miscarriage, menstrual irregularities, genital warts (HPV), hysteroscopy, hysterectomy, urinary incontinence, menopause, fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine and vaginal prolapse, uterine polyps, high-risk pregnancy, vaginal infections, and ovarian cysts.

Although there is no universal definition, Masters and Johnson describe sexual dysfunction as any disorder that can lead to a failure in sexual arousal and/or achieving satisfaction (orgasm) during the sexual cycle, which becomes chronic. It refers to situations where pain, discomfort, bleeding, disgust, nausea, vomiting, avoidance, or aversion, which do not belong in the art of sex, are experienced. Many types of sexual dysfunction exist, including sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders (such as vaginal dryness or erectile dysfunction), orgasmic disorders (anorgasmia, coital anorgasmia, premature orgasm, premature/delayed ejaculation), sexual pain disorders (vaginismus, dyspareunia, painful ejaculation), sexual dysfunction due to a general medical condition, unspecified sexual dysfunction (sexual phobias, sexual aversion disorder, hypersexuality, sexual satisfaction disorders, etc.), and substance-induced sexual dysfunction. While there are many causes of sexual dysfunction, numerous psychosocial and cultural factors usually play a role in its onset and persistence. The primary factors to treat are the perpetuating factors, though predispositional, creative, and initiating factors also exist. Initially, the perpetuating factors must be eliminated. Patients should be evaluated by trained sex therapists and receive appropriate sexual therapy based on their condition.

HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) is a virus that causes cervical cancer and genital warts. It is the most commonly sexually transmitted virus, affecting the mouth, throat, and genital area. Occasionally, it can be transmitted without sexual intercourse through contact with the genital areas (anal, vaginal, and oral sex) and through shared items like towels and underwear that have touched the genital area. Most people infected with HPV show no symptoms, and in about 90% of cases, the virus is cleared by the body within approximately two years. However, some types of HPV can cause genital warts, cervical cancer, anal cancer, certain penile cancers, and vulva-vaginal cancers. While complete protection from HPV is not possible, some measures can minimize the risk of transmission. Using condoms during sexual intercourse, getting vaccinated with the HPV vaccine (which offers high protection against cervical cancer and genital warts, though not against all HPV types), and regular screenings like smear tests and HPV tests for sexually active individuals are recommended.

Vaginismus is defined as the inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to involuntary, repetitive contractions of the “pelvic floor muscles,” also known as “love muscles.” Dyspareunia, on the other hand, is characterized by pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Symptoms of vaginismus and dyspareunia include repeated difficulty with vaginal penetration, significant pelvic pain and discomfort, and fear of experiencing pain during intercourse. In some patients, using tampons or undergoing a doctor’s examination can trigger these conditions. While there are physiological causes (such as pelvic infections or masses, urinary tract infections, vaginal atrophy or dryness, pelvic organ prolapse, structural abnormalities, and cancers of the female genital organs), psychological factors are often the primary causes. These may include past sexual trauma (such as abuse or rape), inadequate or incorrect knowledge about sexuality, insufficient information about the hymen, lack of knowledge about contraception leading to fear of pregnancy, societal pressures, exposure to sexually traumatic images during childhood, poor communication with a partner, lack of trust, rejection of femininity, dissatisfaction with one’s body, and disgust with sexual organs. To address these issues, it is essential first to check for physiological causes and then implement a holistic and emotion-focused sexual therapy to work on fears and anxieties.

Dr. Merve Olgun Clinic

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